Boletim epidemiológico: painel oncologia ­ Goiás: tempo do diagnóstico até o início do tratamento oncológico, 2013 a 2020 / Epidemiological bulletin: Oncology Panel ­ Goiás: time from diagnosis to initiation of cancer treatment, 2013 to 2020

Câncer é um conjunto de mais de 100 doenças, incluindo tumores malignos de diferentes locais, que possuem característica comum falha dos mecanismos que regulam o crescimento normal das células, proliferação e morte celular. O prognóstico do tumor pode ser de leve a grave, com invasão de tecidos vizinhos e, eventualmente, espalhando-se para outras áreas do corpo. O Painel-oncologia foi criado em maio de 2019 a fim de monitorar o cumprimento da referida lei e da Portaria MS nº 876/2013, que dispõe sobre a sua aplicação. Não é uma plataforma para inserção de dados, mas para apresentar informações obtidas dos Sistemas de Informações do SUS, apresentando os casos por estado federativo, por tipo de câncer, por ano, como também por intervalo de tempo entre o diagnóstico de neoplasia maligna e o a data do primeiro tratamento realizado no SUS 5,6. Este relatório tem o objetivo de apresentar dados do Painel-oncologia para os cânceres mais incidentes no Estado de Goiás nos anos de 2013 a 2020 e verificar se o período estabelecido pela legislação está sendo cumprido

Cancer is a set of more than 100 diseases, including malignant tumors of different sites, which have a common characteristic of failure of mechanisms that regulate normal cell growth, proliferation and cell death. Tumor prognosis can be mild to severe, with invasion of neighboring tissues and eventually spreading to other areas of the body. The Oncology Panel was created in May 2019 to monitor compliance with the aforementioned law and Ordinance MS nº 876/2013, which provides for its application. It is not a platform for data entry, but to present information obtained from the SUS Information Systems, presenting cases by federal state, by type of cancer, by year, as well as by time interval between the diagnosis of malignant neoplasm and the date. of the first treatment performed in the SUS 5,6. This report aims to present data from the Oncology Panel for cancers more incidents in the State of Goiás in the years 2013 to 2020 and to verify if the period established by the legislation is being fulfilled

Perfil de pacientes diagnosticados com câncer de vesícula biliar / Profile of patients diagnosed with gallbladder cancer

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico de pacientes diagnosticados com câncer de vesícula e identificar o estadiamento do tumor estabelecido no momento do diagnóstico, bem como o padrão histopatológico no momento da biópsia. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal e descritivo realizado em um serviço de referência em oncologia clínica, baseado em análise secundária de dados correspondentes aos prontuários de indivíduos com diagnóstico de câncer de vesícula biliar atendidos entre janeiro de 2007 e janeiro de 2017. Resultados: A distribuição por sexo foi de cinco mulheres (62,5%) e três homens (37,5%). A idade variou de 47 a 74 anos, com média de 61,1 anos e desvio padrão de ±9,03. Nenhum indivíduo era assintomático ao diagnóstico; seis (75%) apresentaram dor em hipocôndrio direito, dois (25%) perda de peso e dois outros (25%) massa palpável. Dos oito indivíduos, seis (75%) apresentavam estadiamento clínico (EC) IV ao diagnóstico. O perfil histopatológico apresentou 100% de adenocarcinoma, sendo uma amostra com áreas papilíferas, três moderadamente diferenciadas, três metastáticas e uma bem diferenciada. Conclusão: O perfil clínico-epidemiológico estabelecido foi maior prevalência de câncer de vesícula biliar em mulheres, com média de idade na sétima década. Predominou a cólica biliar como sintoma. O padrão de adenocarcinoma foi identificado em todos os indivíduos. Três quartos dos indivíduos apresentavam estágio avançado de doença. (AU)

Objective: to describe the clinical-epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with gallbladder cancer, and to identify tumor staging established at the time of diagnosis, as well as the histopathological pattern at the biopsy. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study, carried out in a reference service of clinical oncology, based on secondary analysis of data corresponding to the medical records of patients diagnosed with Gallbladder cancer seen between January-2007 and January-2017. Results: Gender distribution was of five women (62.5%), and three men (37.5%). Patients' ages ranged from 47-74 years, mean age of 61.1 years and standard deviation of ±9.03). No patient was asymptomatic at diagnosis, six (75%) had right hypochondrium pain, two (25%) showed weight loss, and two others (25%), palpable mass. Of the eight patients, six (75%) had EC IV staging at diagnosis. The histopathological profile showed 100% of adenocarcinoma, with one sample having papilliferous areas, three being moderately differentiated, three metastatic, and one well differentiated. Conclusion: The clinical-epidemiological profile established in this study had a higher prevalence of gallbladder cancer in women, with a mean age of the individual around the 7th decade. The most frequent symptom was biliary colic. The adenocarcinoma pattern was identified in all individuals. Three-quarters of them had advanced disease. (AU)

Epidemiological and histopathological aspects of primary cutaneous melanoma in residents of Joinville, 2003-2014

Abstract: Background: The worldwide incidence of cutaneous melanoma (CM) has been continuously increasing over the last decades. Primary and secondary prevention, with attention to risk factors and early diagnosis, remain the cornerstone for reducing the burden of cutaneous melanoma. Detailed information with respect to clinical and pathological data on cutaneous melanoma is scarce in Brazil. Objective: The purpose of our study was to analyze epidemiological and pathological characteristics of primary cutaneous melanoma in Joinville, southern Brazil. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study in which 893 reports of primary cutaneous melanoma from the local population were analyzed in the period 2003-2014. The study was approved by the local Ethics and Research Committee. Results: We observed a female predominance of cutaneous melanoma (56.3%). The age standardized incidence rate of primary cutaneous melanoma for the world population in the period 2003-06 was 11.8 per 100,000 population (CI 95%, 10.3-13.4), and 17.5 (CI 95%, 15.7-19.3) in 2011-14, revealing a significant increase of 48.3% (p < 0,05). Six and a half percent of patients had multiple cutaneous melanomas (mean 2.2 years and a maximum of 10.0 years between diagnoses). We observed significant differences between the location head/neck and cutaneous melanoma in situ, lower limb with Breslow depth S III and upper limb with Breslow depth S I. The comparison of the characteristics of cutaneous melanoma in the elderly and non-elderly (< 60 years old) showed significant differences with respect to all the variables studied. Study limitations: Using secondary data source. Conclusion: Joinville has high incidence coefficients for Brazilian standards, showing an increase in the incidence of cutaneous melanoma.

Distribución etaria y estadio del cáncer de mama en la ciudad de Córdoba 2004/2010: un enfoque epidemiológico

RESUMEN: La epidemiología y la clínica son imprescindibles para detectar lesionestempranas, además de disminuir el gasto público, contribuyen a una mayorcalidad de vida, disminuyendo la posibilidad de la discapacidad ,al detectar laspatologías en forma temprana. El estudio se realizó en el ámbito público de laCiudad de Córdoba durante el período 2004 al 2010;en las Instituciones que sedetallan a continuación: Hospital Nacional de Clínicas (HNC), HospitalUniversitario de Maternidad y Neonatología (HUMN), Hospital San Roque(HSR), Hospital Misericordia (HM). En tales establecimientos se investigaronlos registros de los Servicios de Anatomía Patológica donde se identificó elnúmero de historias clínicas, como asi también los datos proporcionados por elServicio de Estadística Se estudiaron 1423 historias de mujeres con cáncer demama como primer diagnóstico, el mayor número de pacientes con éstapatología se encontró, proporcionalmente, en el HNC. Las variables de estudiofueron: edad, estadio del cáncer (temprano ó tardío), grado de diferenciacióndel tumor, marcadores tumorales, tendencia de aparición del cáncer de mamadurante el período estudiado, y las características de antecedentes familiaresde las pacientes analizadas. La distribución media de la edad de las pacientesregistradas en total fue de 57,08 ± 0,36 años, con una mínima de 20 años yuna máxima de 96 años. Las mujeres con cáncer de mama, de 39 años o másjóvenes, mostraron una frecuencia mayor que las informadas en otros países.En relación a la edad de primer diagnóstico, el 8,74% de las mujeresestudiadas eran menores o iguales a 39 años, lo cual representa una mayorproporción a los valores informados en la literatura mundial que refieren entreel 5% y 7%. En este estudio , las instituciones que registran mayor cantidad depacientes iguales o menores de 39 años fueron el HUMN y HM...

ABSTRACT: Both epidemiology and clinical studies are essential to detect early lesionsthatin addition to reducing public expenditurethat can be allocated to most neededareas,contribute to a better quality of life, reducing the likelihood of disability bydetectingdiseases at an early stage.The aim of this study, that was carried out in the public setting of the City ofCordoba throughout 2004-2010, was to analyze the age, stage andepidemiological features of breast cancer in those women who attended themedical consultation over the aforementioned period.The hospitals participating in this study were the following:: National ClinicalHospital (NCH), Maternity and Neonatology University Hospital (MNUH), SanRoque Hospital (SRH) and Mercy Hospital (MH). In suchinstitutions, medicalrecords obtained from the Pathological Anatomy and Statistics Servicesconcerning the anatomopathological records of each patient were investigated.One thousand four hundred and twenty three women with breast cancer as theirfirst diagnosis were studied. The largest records of women with this diseasewere, proportionately, found in the NCH. The study variables were: age, cancerstage, (early or late), degree of tumor differentiation, tumor markers, trend ofbreast cancer occurrence during the analyzedperiod and features of familyhistory of patients investigated.The average age distribution of the recorded patients was in all 57,08± 0,36years with a minimum of 20 years and a maximum of 96. Women with breastcancer, 39 years of age or younger showed a higher frequency than thosereported in other countries.Concerning the age of first diagnosis, 8,74% of the studied women were lessthan or equal to 39 years, This represents a greater proportion regarding thevalues reported in the world literature referring between 5% and 7%. In thisstudy, the institutions recording as many patients equal to or less than 39 yearswere the MNUH and the MH...

Assessing extent of single stranded DNA damage in oral mucosal cells of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and its correlation with TNM staging.

Context: This study was carried out on the assumption that oral mucosal cells might show DNA damage in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Aims: To evaluate the extent of DNA damage in oral smears of patients with OSCC and determine correlation if any of the extent of DNA damage to TNM staging of oral cancer. Settings and design: A randomized controlled study at a regional cancer centre was designed for this project. Smears were taken from lesion proper of 30 patients with OSCC and from the buccal mucosa of 30 normal healthy volunteers. Materials and methods: Collected cells were centrifuged and single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay was performed. DNA damage was visualized under a fluorescent microscope. Statistical analysis used : Mean DNA damage levels of both the groups were measured and statistically analyzed with students' test. The extent of DNA damage was correlated with the TNM stages by employing the one way ANOVA 'F' technique. Results: High statistical significance (P < 0.0001) was found in DNA damage levels between control and study groups. A stepwise increase in DNA damage levels with high statistical significance (P < 0.005) was also found between all the TNM stages. Conclusions: Statistically significant increased DNA damage levels in OSCC patients and their correlation to clinical staging suggest that comet assay may be used effectively to assess the prognosis of OSCC.

A tomografia por emissão de pósitrons com 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-desoxi-D-glicose é custo-efetiva em pacientes com câncer de pulmão não pequenas células no Brasil / 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron-emission tomography is cost-effective in the initial staging of non-small cell lung cancer patients in Brazil

OBJETIVO: Comparar a acurácia e a custo-efetividade do estadiamento metabólico (EM) com o FDG-PET em relação ao estadiamento convencional (EC) no estadiamento inicial de pacientes com câncer de pulmão não pequenas células (CPNPC). MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Noventa e cinco pacientes com diagnóstico inicial de CPNPC foram estadiados antes do início do tratamento. Os resultados do EC e EM foram comparados quanto a definição do tratamento e incidência de toracotomia fútil em cada estratégia. RESULTADOS: O EM com FDG-PET classificou 48,4% dos pacientes como estádio mais avançado e 5,3% como menos avançado. O resultado do EM modificaria o tratamento em 41% dos pacientes. A toracotomia foi considerada fútil em 47% dos pacientes com EC e em 19% dos casos com EM. O custo das toracotomias fúteis em oito pacientes no EM foi de R$ 79.720, enquanto em 31 pacientes no EC seria de R$ 308.915. Apenas esta economia seria mais que suficiente para cobrir os custos de todos os exames de FDG-PET nos 95 pacientes (R$ 126.350) ou de FDG-PET/CT (R$ 193.515). CONCLUSÃO: O EM com FDG-PET tem maior acurácia que o EC em pacientes com CPNPC. A FDG-PET e FDG-PET/CT são custo-efetivas e sua utilização se justifica economicamente na saúde pública no Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy and cost-effectiveness of metabolic staging (MS) with FDG-PET as compared with the conventional staging (CS) strategy in the preoperative staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 95 patients with initial diagnosis of NSCLC were staged before undergoing treatment. The MS and CS results were compared with regard to treatment definition and incidence of futile thoracotomies with both strategies. RESULTS: Metabolic staging with FDG-PET upstaged 48.4% and downstaged 5.3% of the patients, and would lead to change in the treatment of 41% of cases. Thoracotomy was considered as futile in 47% of the patients with CS, and in 19% of the patients with MS. The cost of futile thoracotomies in eight patients with MS was R$ 79,720, while in 31 patients with CS it would be R$ 308,915. Just such saving in costs would be more than enough to cover the costs of all FDG-PETs (R$ 126,350) or FDG-PET/CTs (R$ 193,515) for the 95 patients. CONCLUSION: The metabolic staging with FDG-PET is more accurate than CS in patients with NSCLC. Both FDG-PET and FDG-PET/CT are cost-effective methods and their utilization is economically justifiable in the Brazilian public health system.

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients in the head and neck surgery department of a university hospital / Características clínicas e epidemiológicas de pacientes do departamento de cirurgia de cabeça e pescoço em um hospital universitário

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: Head and neck cancer is the fifth most common type of cancer worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological parameters in a head and neck surgery service. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study using patients' records, developed in otolaryngology and head and neck department of a university hospital in the northwest of the state of São Paulo. METHODS: A total of 995 patients in the head and neck surgery service between January 2000 and May 2010 were evaluated. The variables analyzed included: age, gender, skin color, tobacco and alcohol consumption, primary site, staging and histological tumor type, treatment and number of deaths. RESULTS: The disease was more frequent among men (79.70%), smokers (75.15%) and alcohol abusers (58.25%). The most representative sites were oral cavity (29.65%) and larynx (24.12%) for the primary site; squamous cell carcinoma (84.92%) was the most frequent histological type, and surgery (29.04%) and radiotherapy (14.19%) were the most common treatments. CONCLUSION: The cancer that affects patients assisted by the head and neck surgery service occurs mainly men, smokers and alcohol abusers, and the oral cavity and larynx are the sites with the highest incidence. The high rate of patients with stages III and IV indicates late diagnosis by the treatment centers, which reflects the need for prevention education campaigns for early diagnosis of the disease.

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVOS: O câncer de cabeça e pescoço é o quinto tipo mais comum entre todas as neoplasias no mundo. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os parâmetros clínicos e epidemiológicos em um serviço de cirurgia de cabeça e pescoço. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal com coleta de dados de prontuários, realizado no departamento de otorrinolaringologia e cabeça e pescoço de um hospital universitário do noroeste do estado de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Um total de 995 pacientes do serviço de cirurgia de cabeça e pescoço foi avaliado entre janeiro de 2000 a maio de 2010. As variáveis analisadas foram: idade, gênero, cor da pele, consumo de álcool e tabaco, sítio primário, estádio e tipo histológico do tumor, tratamento e número de mortes. RESULTADOS: A doença foi mais frequente entre homens (79,70%), tabagistas (75,15%) e etilistas (58,25%). Os locais mais representativos foram: cavidade oral (29,65%) e laringe (24,12%) para sítio primário; carcinoma espinocelular (84,92%) foi o tipo histológico mais frequente e cirurgia (29,04%) e radioterapia (14,19%) foram os tratamentos mais comuns. CONCLUSÃO: O câncer que afeta os pacientes assistidos pelo serviço de cirurgia de cabeça e pescoço ocorre, em sua maioria, entre homens, tabagistas e etilistas, tendo a cavidade oral e a laringe maior incidência. A alta taxa de pacientes com estádios III e IV indica diagnóstico tardio pelos centros de tratamento, o que reflete a necessidade de campanhas de prevenção para o diagnóstico precoce da doença.

Comparison in pathological behaviours & prognosis of gastric cancers from general hospitals between China & Japan.

Background & objective: Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths after lung carcinoma. The aim of this study was to understand the difference in clinicopathological behaviours and prognosis of gastric cancer in patients from China and Japan. Methods: Paraffin-fixed tissue samples of gastric cancer were collected retrospectively from two hospitals between 1993 to 2006 in Japan (n=2063) and during 1980-2003 in China (n=2496) respectively, and staging was done by TNM system and typing by Japanese Endoscopy Society criteria or Borrmann’s classification. The histological architecture of the tumours was expressed according to Lauren’s classification. Results: Compared to Japan, the occurrence of gastric cancer was more common in younger Chinese population and prone to invasion and metastasis in muscularis propia, lymphatic, lymph node, liver, peritoneal parts, and exhibited large tumour size and high TNM staging in both the sexes and in different age groups (P<0.05). Intestinal and mixed types of carcinomas were more frequently observed in Japanese patients compared to Chinese and the difference was significant (P<0.05). It was observed that the commonly reported types in early gastric cancers (EGC) in Japanese patients were IIc, IIa+IIc or IIa while those of Chinese patients were IIc, III or IIb. In the case of advanced gastric cancers (AGC), type II and III were most common in both the countries. The cumulative survival rate of Chinese patients was significantly (P<0.05) higher compared to Japanese in different stratified groups via depth of invasion, TNM staging or Lauren’s classification. Interpretation & conclusion: Gastric cancers in Chinese patients had more aggressive pathological characteristics and poorer prognosis than those from Japan. To reduce incidence and to improve treatment facilities, it is necessary to have a systematic screening system.

Tumor renal maligno: análise das características clínicas, anatomatológicas e sobrevida dos pacientes nefrectomizados / Malignant renal tumor: analyze of clinical characteristics, anatomopathological and survival of nephrectomized patients

Analisar as características dos pacientes nefrectomizados por tumor renal maligno, para avaliar possibilidade de implantação do nomograma desenvolvido pelo Hospital Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Análise dos pacientes nefrectomizados por tumor pelos grupos de Urologia e Oncologia do Hospital Universitário de Taubabé e Hospital Regional do Vale do Paraíba, no período de 1998 a 2003, por análise de prontuário e contato telefônico. Na comparação de percentagens entre o estado atual dos pacientes (83,33 por cento) e a média da sobrevida estimada pelo nomograma (77,18 por cento) não houve significância estatística (p = 1). O nomograma pode ser aplicado para esta população.

In order to analyze the characteristics of the patients with malignant renal tumor submitted the nephrectomy surgery, and evaluate the possibility implantation of the nomogram developed by the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. The analysis of patients who were submitted to surgery for tumor by the group of Urology in Taubaté University Hospital and Vale do Paraíba's Regional Hospital from 1998 to 2003, for handbooks and telephonic contact. There was not significant diference (p = 1) between the actual condition of the patients (83.33 per cent) and the average of survivors estimated by the nomogram (77.18 per cent). The nomogram is applied for this population of this study.

Interobserver agreement of gleason score and modified gleason score in needle biopsy and in surgical specimen of prostate cancer

INTRODUCTION: Gleason score, which has a high interobserver variability, is used to classify prostate cancer. The most recent consensus valued the tertiary Gleason pattern and recommended its use in the final score of needle biopsies (modified Gleason score). This pattern is considered to be of high prognostic value in surgical specimens. This study emphasized the evaluation of the modified score agreement in needle biopsies and in surgical specimen, as well as the interobserver variability of this score MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three pathologists evaluated the slides of needle biopsies and surgical specimens of 110 patients, reporting primary, secondary and tertiary Gleason patterns and after that, traditional and modified Gleason scores were calculated. Kappa test (K) assessed the interobserver agreement and the agreement between the traditional and modified scores of the biopsy and of the surgical specimen RESULTS: Interobserver agreement in the biopsy was K = 0.36 and K = 0.35, and in the surgical specimen it was K = 0.46 and K = 0.36, for the traditional and modified scores, respectively. The tertiary Gleason grade was found in 8 percent, 0 percent and 2 percent of the biopsies and in 8 percent, 0 percent and 13 percent of the surgical specimens, according to observers 1, 2 and 3, respectively. When evaluating the agreement of the traditional and modified Gleason scores in needle biopsy with both scores of the surgical specimen, a similar agreement was found through Kappa CONCLUSION: Contrary to what was expected, the modified Gleason score was not superior in the agreement between the biopsy score and the specimen, or in interobserver reproducibility, in this study.

Tumores renales quísticos, correlación clínico patológica y sobrevida / Cystic renel tumours, pathological correlation and survival

El aumento de utilización de imágenes diagnósticas en los últimos años para la evaluación de síntomas abdominales inespecíficos ha aumentado el hallazgo de masas renales asintomáticas. Entre 4 a 12 por ciento de los cánceres renales, corresponde a lesiones quísticas. Se han realizado múltiples estudios descriptivos, siendo el tratamiento de estas lesiones, aún tema en discusión. Objetivos: Los objetivos de este trabajo son: 1) evaluar la correlación de imágenes de tumores renales quísticos, con los resultados en la anatomía patológica; 2) evaluar los resultados y sobrevida en pacientes con cáncer renal quístico y 3) comparar su evolución y pronóstico con un grupo de pacientes con cáncer renal sólido. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión retrospectiva de pacientes tratados en el Servicio de Urología del Hospital de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, por sospecha de cáncer renal quístico, entre los años 1999 y 2005. Los pacientes fueron tratados con nefrectomía parcial o radical. Para ello se evaluaron los datos clínicos, evolución y seguimiento de los enfermos. Se comparó etapa, grado de Fuhrman y sobrevida con un grupo de 47 pacientes con cáncer renal sólido, pareados por edad y sexo. Resultados: La serie está compuesta de 51 pacientes, 4 de los cuales, resultaron ser lesiones benignas. De los pacientes que presentaron cánceres renales quísticos (47 pacientes), la edad promedio de presentación fue de 57 años DE 12,3 (30-84). La distribución por sexo fue 72 por ciento hombres y 28 por ciento mujeres. Las formas de presentación fueron: 72,3 por ciento hallazgo por imágenes, 10,6 por ciento dolor abdominal, 6,3 por ciento hematuria, 2,1 por ciento masa palpable y 2,1 por ciento hematuria asociado a dolor. El tamaño tumoral promedio al TAC y anatomía patológica fue 5,4 y 4,9 cm, respectivamente. A los pacientes, se les realizó nefrectomía radical (57 por ciento) y parcial (43 por ciento). El alta quirúrgica fue en promedio a los 6,1 días. Histología: 92 por ciento carcinoma de células renales, variedad células claras, 4 por ciento mixto (células claras y papilar), 2 por ciento liposarcoma mixoideo de grasa perinefrítica y 2 por ciento indiferenciado...

Esofagectomía transhiatal en cáncer del tercio medio del esófago / Transhiatal esophagectomy in cancer of the middle third esophagus

Entre los años 1987 y 1999 efectuamos 46 esofagectomías transhiatales en pacientes con cáncer del tercio medio del esófago, 29 eran hombres y 17 mujeres. El promedio de edad fue de 64,4 años (rango, 51-80 años) Cuarenta y tres tumores correspondían a carcinomas epidermoides (93,5 por ciento), 2 a carcinomas adenoescamosos (4,3 por ciento) y 1 a un carcinosarcoma (2,2 por ciento). La esofagectomía y la esofagosgastrostomía cervical se realizó en un solo tiempo en todos los pacientes. El estómago se situó en el mediastino posterior en el 87 por ciento de los pacientes. No hubo muertes intraoperatorias ni tampoco reintervenciones; 32,6 por ciento presentaron complicaciones mientras que 31 pacientes (67,4 por ciento) evolucionaron sin complicaciones y reiniciaron su alimentación oral a partir del 9§ día del postoperatorio. La mortalidad operatoria fue de 6,5 por ciento. El promedio de días de hospitalización postoperatoria fue de 18,6. Tres de estos pacientes estaban en estadio I, 11 en estadio II, 18 en estadio III y 14 en estadio IV. La sobrevida fue de 9,5 por ciento a los 5 años. La esofagectomía es una técnica segura y bien tolerada, asociada con una baja morbilidad y creemos que es el procedimiento de elección para carcinomas del tercio medio del esófago

Reconstrucción faringoesofágica postresección laringofaringoesofágica total: resultados funcionales / Pharynx-esophagus reconstruction after total larynx-pharynx-esophagus resection: functional results

La reconstrucción de defectos funcionales del tracto digestivo superior debido a resecciones completas de laringe, asociada a hipofaringe y esófago cervical por cáncer primario de esta región es compleja y ha estado en constante cambio durante el presente siglo. Diversos métodos de reconstrucción han sido creados a objeto de restaurar el paso de los alimentos hacia el tracto digestivo distal a la lesión; estos métodos han ido desde el desarrollo de colgajo fasciocutáneos locales, colgajos miocutáneos pediculados a distancia hasta llegar a transposición de víscera libres. Desde 1985 hasta diciembre de 1999, se han recibido 435 casos portadores de cáncer de laringe, hipofaringe y esófago cervical, de éstos en 347 casos debió efectuarse algún tipo de cirugía como parte de su tratamiento quirúrgico; en 42 de estos casos la resección oncológica debió ser tan extensa que requirió de un proceso reconstructivo mayor del tubo digestivo: 20 casos se reconstruyeron con un tubo a partir de un colgajo miocutáneo pectoral mayor, 17 casos mediante un tubo de colgajo miocutáneo trapezial lateral, 4 casos mediante el trasplante de un segmento de yeyuno revascularizado y 1 caso mediante un ascenso gástrico. Se tuvo éxito en el logro de crear un buen pasaje alimenticio en 71,4 por ciento de los casos, con 60 por ciento para los casos con pectoral mayor, 82 por ciento para aquellos restaurados con colgajo trapezial y un 75 por ciento para aquellos en quienes se usó yeyuno libre. La mortalidad quirúrgica fue de un 7,1 por ciento para todo el grupo (3/42), siendo de un 15 por ciento para la técnica con colgajo pectoral mayor, 0 por ciento para los casos reconstruidos con trapezio, 0 por ciento para los casos reconstruidos con yeyuno

Carcinoma diferenciado de tiroides: experiencia del Hospital de Valdivia / Thyroid differential carcinoma: experience at Hospital de Valdivia

Entre enero de 1978 y diciembre de 1996 se tratáron portadores de cáncer diferenciado de tiroides, 98 del tipo papilar y 4 del folicular. El grupo incluyó 86 mujeres y 16 hombres, con promedio de edad de 46,3 años (margen 9 a 80 años). De acuerdo a la clasificación de Meissner y Warren, 2 pacientes se estadificaron en estadio 0 (1,9 por ciento), 45 (44,1 por ciento) en estadio I;31 (30 por ciento) en estadio II; 17 (16,7 por ciento) en estadio IIIa; 1 (1,0 por ciento) en estadio IIIb y 6 (5,9 por ciento) en estadio IV. De los 102 pacientes, 100 fueron sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico considerando el estadio de la enfermedad, tamaño del tumor primario y tipo histológico del carcinoma, priviligiando la cirugía conservadora en los cánceres papilares intracapsulares y la tiroidectomía total en los papilares extracapsulares y en los foliculares. Las complicaciones postoperatorias inmediata fueron 3 hematomas cervicales, 3 lesiones de nervio recurrente, 2 hipoparatiroidismo y otras menores, la mayoría de ellas secundarias a tiroidectomía total o casi total. No hubo mortalidad perioperatoria. La serie tiene un promedio de seguimiento de 74,1 meses. La sobrevida global es de 83,9 por ciento a 5 años y de 81,8 por ciento a 10 años, porcentaje que se mantiene hasta 20 años. En el estadio I la sobrevida es de 97,7 por ciento a 20 años

Cáncer de colon: resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico electivo / Colon cancer: results of elective surgical treatment

El objetivo de esta comunicación fue evaluar los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico electivo del cáncer de colon en un período de 22 años, entre enero de 1975 y diciembre de 1996. Un total de 44 pacientes fueron intervenidos con diagnóstico de cáncer de colon durante este período. De éstos, 350 (79 por ciento) se operaron en forma electiva y componen el grupo en estudio. El síntoma de presentación más frecuente fue el cambio de hábito intestinal (48 por ciento). En 16 (5 por ciento) pacientes el tumor fue un hallazgo de la colonoscopia, imágenes o laparotomía. Los exámenes más utilizados en el diagnóstico fueron la colonoscopia (46 por ciento) y el enema baritado (42 por ciento). La localización más frecuente fue el colon sigmoides en 99 pacientes (40 por ciento). El porcentaje de resecabilidad de las lesiones fue de un 92 por ciento. En el 77 por ciento de losa pacientes la operación tuvo intención curativa. Cincuenta y dos pacientes (12 por ciento) presentaron alguna complicación post operatoria, siendo la más frecuente la infección de herida operatoria (6 por ciento). Cuatro pacientes requirieron una segunda intervención (2 por íleo prolongado, uno por hemoperitoneo y uno por úlcera duodenal perforada). Un paciente (0,3 por ciento) de esta serie falleció debido a sepsis generalizada posterior a cirugía por úlcera duodenal perforada

Enfermedad de Hodgkin en el hospital Dr. Gustavo Fricke: revisión de pacientes en el período 1988-1998 / Hodgkin disease at Dr. G. Fricke Hospital: patient review, 1988-1998

La enfermedad de Hodgkin (E.H.) se define como una neoplasia del tejido linfoide, manifestada por adenopatias. Presenta una incidencia de 3-3,2 casos/100000habs/año, con mayor frecuencia en hombres, raza blanca, nivel socioeconómico alto y reducido grupo familiar; sigue una curva de edad bimodal con dos pics marcados: adolescentes y mayores de 55 años. Se clasifica histologicamente en 4 tipos, que por frecuencia son: esclerosis nodular, celularidad mixta, predominio linfocitario y deplecion linfocitaria, que junto al estadio, determinan en forma importante el pronostico de la enfermedad. El objetivo de este trabajo esconocer las caracteristicas de los pacientes con E.H. diagnosticados en el Hospital G. Fricke de Viña en el período entre enero 1988 y diciembre 1998

Sobrevida de pacientes con cáncer de esófago sometidos a esofagectomía total torácica / Survival of patients with esophageal carcinoma submitted to total thoracic esophagectomy

Background: Esophageal carcinoma has a dismal prognosis. Several authors have reported a very low survival in Chile. Aim: To report the survival of patients with esophageal carcinoma, subjected to esophageal resection. Material and methods: Analysis of 108 patients subjected to thoracic esophageal resection between 1985 and 1996. Patients were classified according to the location of the tumor and its staging. Results: Eleven patients died in the immediate postoperative period and 90 patients were followed. In 53 the exact cause of death was determined. Global five years survival was 29 percent and median survival was 18 months. Survival was 100 percent in stage I tumors. Adjuvant therapy resulted in a better survival of stage III tumors. Survival of stage IV tumors was worst than stage I to III tumors. There was no survival difference between squamous carcinoma or adenocarcinoma. Tumors located in the superior third of the esophagus had a worst prognosis. Causes of death were mediastinic metastases, local recidivism, pleural or pulmonary metastases and less frequently, brain, bronchial or bone metastases. Conclusions: The survival of these, patients with esophageal carcinoma did not differ from the figures reported abroad

Evolución en el diagnóstico de cáncer de mama en el período 1990-1998 / Evolution in breast cancer diagnosis, 1990-1998

Investigar relación entre uso de mamografía para el diagnóstico precoz de cáncer, tamaño tumoral al diagnóstico y terapia hormonal de reemplazo (THR). Se revisaron antecedentes de pacientes con cáncer de mama, seleccionando tres períodos: 1990,1995 y 1998, registrando tamaño tumoral, método de diagnóstico y THR. Se comparó situación en Hospital Estatal (HE), o institución privada (IP). Hay disminución del tamaño tumoral al diagnóstico, de 3,3 a 2,7 cm, siendo más frecuente encontrar tumores pequeños en IP. Aumentó el diagnóstico de cáncer por mamografía, del 5 por ciento en 1990 a 24 por ciento en 1998. THR en mujeres mayores de 49 años ha aumentado tres veces entre 1990 y 1998. THR es de uso preponderante en pacientes IP. Durante esta década hay un importante aumento en THR sin aumento proporcional en la detección mamográfica de cáncer. La situación local es peor que en Estados Unidos en 1969

Cáncer de mama en mujeres mayores de 65 años / Breast cancer in 65 years older women

Antecedentes: La influencia de la edad sobre el pronóstico de los carcinomas mamarios es un tema controvertido y por ello el enfoque terapéutico es variado. Objetivo: Se analizan las características clínico-patológicas en una serie de 174 carcinomas de mamas en mujeres mayores de 65 años de edad. Resultados: Para ambos grupos los resultados no mostraron diferencias significativas en cuanto al tamaño de los tumores, la incidencia de ganglios metastásicos, los grados nuclear e histológicos ni en la expresión inmunohistoquímica de los receptores de estrógenos y progesterona, c-erbB-2, bcl-2, p53, MIB-1 y antígeno carcinoembriónico. En el seguimiento también mostraron similar tasa de recidiva local, de metástasis a distancia y de muerte por la enfermedad mientras que las muertes por otras causas fueron cuatro veces mayores en el grupo de más edad que en el grupo de pacientes más jóvenes. Conclusión: En esta serie la edad no fue un factor que permitiera establecer diferencias en las características biológicas analizadas ni en el comportamiento de las neoplasias. La mayor mortalidad por otras causas resulta lógica en el grupo de pacientes mayores. Este dato debería ser considerado al planear terapéuticas en pacientes de edad avanzada cuando las características de la enfermedad permiten prever una sobrevida mayor a la expectativa de vida esperada por la edad